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DSSSB PRT Pre Exam

>General Intelligence Question Paper Answer

1. What should come in the place of (?) in the given series?
ACE, FGH, ?, PON
(A) KKK
(B) JKI
(C) HJH
(D) IKL
Ans. (A)

2. Typist : Typewriter : : Writer: ?
(A) Script
(B) Pen
(C) Paper
(D) Book
Ans. (B)

3. Paint: Artist : : Wood: ?
(A) Furniture
(B) Forest
(C) Fire
(D) Carpenter
Ans. (D)

4. acme : mace :: alga: ?
(A) glaa
(B) gaal
(C) laga
(D) gala
Ans. (D)

5. EIGHTY : GIEYTH : : OUTPUT:?
(A) UTOPTU
(B) UOTUPT
(C) TUOUTP
(D) TUOTUP
Ans. (D)

6. ‘Medicine’ is related to ‘Patient’ in the same way as ‘Education’ is related to—
(A) Teacher
(B) School
(C) Student
(D) Tuition
Ans. (C)

7. Fill in the missing letter in the following series—
S, V, Y, B, ?
(A) C
(B) D
(C) E
(D)G
Ans. (C)

8. What should come in the place of question mark in the following series?
3, 8, 6, 14, ?, 20
(A) 11
(B) 10
(C) 8
(D) 9
Ans. (D)

9. Select the correct option in place of the question mark.
AOP, CQR, EST, GUV, ?
(A) IYZ
(B) HWX
(C) IWX
(D) JWX
Ans. (C)

10. What should come in the place of question mark in the following series?
1, 4, 9, 25, 36, ?
(A) 48
(C) 52
(B) 49
(D) 56
Ans. (B)

Directions—(Q. 11 to 14): Select the one which is different from the other three.
11. (A) Bokaro
(B) Jamshedpur
(C) Bhilai
(D) Agra
Ans. (D)


12. (A) January
(B) February
(C) July
(D) December
Ans. (B)

13. (A) Bible
(B) Panchsheel
(C) Geeta
(D) Quran
Ans. (B)

14. (A) Star
(B) Sun
(C) Sky
(D) Moon
Ans. (C)

Directions—(Q. 15 to 17): based on alphabets.
15. If the sequence of the alphabets is reversed which of the following would be the 14th letter from your left?
(A) N
(B) L
(C) O
(D) None of these
Ans. (D)

16. Which letter is the 8th letter to the right of the letter, which is 12th from the left?
(A) V
(B) T
(C) W
(D) Y
Ans. (B)
17. Which letter is the 8th letter to the right of the letter which is 10th to the left of the last but one letter from the right?
(A) V
(B) X
(C) W
(D) I
Ans. (C)

Directions—(Q. 18 to 23) Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
18. (A) Green
(B) Red
(C) Colour
(D) Orange
Ans. (C)

19. (A) Rabbit
(B) Crocodile
(C) Earthworm
(D) Snail
Ans. (A)

20. (A) Polo
(B) Chess
(C) Ludo
(D) Carrom
Ans. (A)

21. (A) Sun
(B) Universe
(C) Moon
(D) Star
Ans. (B)

22. (A) Cheese
(B) Milk
(C) Curd
(D) Ghee
Ans. (B)

23. (A) Carrot
(B) Radish
(C) Potato
(D) Brinjal
Ans. (D)

24. In a certain code ‘CONTRIBUTOR’ is written as ‘RTNOCIROTUB’. How is ‘prohibition’ written in that code?
(A) NOITIBIHORP
(B) IHORPBITION
(C) ITIONBIHOTP
(D) IHORPBNOITI
Ans. (D)

25. If ‘CAT’ and ‘BOAT’ are written as XZG and ‘YLZG’ respectively in a code language how is ‘EGG’ to be written in the same language?
(A) VSS
(B) URR
(C) VTT
(D) UTF
Ans. (C)


Educational Psychology Question Paper Answer
56. What would be your approach if a student interrupts in your class ?
(A) You will ask him to leave the class
(B) You will ask him to behave properly
(C) You will assess his reasons to do the same
(D) You will give him extra home-work

57. How would you prefer to address a student who has not completed his home-work ?
(A) When are you going to complete it ?
(B) You did not do it. Try it
(C) Why did you not complete it ?
(D) You better ignore it now

58. Schools should be concerned with the development of child, which should include—
(A) Acquisition of knowledge by the child
(B) Acquisition of life-skills by the child
(C) Acquisition of skills required by the nation
(D) Acquisition of skills required by a healthy person

59. The main reason for non-achievement of full literacy in India is—
(A) Lack of funds
(B) Incapability of utilization of funds
(C) Lack of suitable facilities
(D) Lack of will to achieve the goal

60. The main purpose of ‘Parent-Teacher-Association (PTA)’ in any school is to—
(A) Keep students in check/control
(B) Collect additional funds for remedial teaching
(C) Share understanding of the problems faced by school
(D) Involve parents for improvement of school functioning

61. Student gives a partially correct response to your question. Then you will—
(A) Seek further information
(B) Provide reinforcement
(C) Reframe your question
(D) Tell the correct information

62. School can be called a social agent if—
(A) It transmits knowledge
(B) It educates about rights and duties
(C) It imparts knowledge about traditions and values
(D) It organises various activities

63. One basic differenc between traditional schools and open learning schools is that—
(A) The former are systematic
(B) The latter do not cultivate cultural values
(C) The latter use modern gadgets
(D) The former carry personal touch

64. School can be considered a …… group as far as socialising agency is concerned.
(A) Primary
(B) Secondary
(C) Supplementary
(D) Tertiary

65. Which of the following statements is not true?
(A) Acquisition of ‘life-skills’ is part of maturation
(B) Acquisition of ‘life-skills’ is part of social process
(C) ‘Life-skills’ are directly moulded
(D) ‘Life-skills’ are learnt

66. A student wants to share his problem with his teacher and visits the teacher for the same at his home. In such a situation, the teacher should—
(A) Suggest to him to escape from his home
(B) Contact the student’s parents and provide help
(C) Extend reasonable help and boost his morale
(D) Warn him to never visit his home

67. If a student alleges against you for showing favouritism in evaluation of scripts, how would you deal with him ?
(A) Reject his allegations
(B) Adopt punitive measure
(C) Make efforts to reveal his position
(D) Show his answer book and few more

68. The major responsibility with which school personnel have been entrusted is that of—
(A) Adjusting social demands to the needs of the child
(B) Adjusting the child to conform to the demands of society
(C) Changing human nature to conform to social expectations
(D) Preparing the child to change the society

69. In order to develop a good rapport with students, a teacher should (select the most important activity)—
(A) Love his students
(B) Be friendly with all
(C) Pay individual attention
(D) Communicate well

70. The best reason because of which a teacher can command respect from his students is if—
(A) He follows innovative practices in the class
(B) He dictates notes to the class
(C) He reads and explains the text-book
(D) He does not give home assignment

71. Development of moral values among students is very important. What would you do to develop the same ?
(A) Encourage moral value related works
(B) Organise lectures
(C) Display stories based on moral values
(D) Present yourself as a role model

72. Teaching aids are useful because they—
(A) Help teacher’s work
(B) Activate all senses
(C) Help students to be attentive
(D) Make learning more meaningful

73. Teacher’s class-room behaviour should be good because—
(A) It will set an example
(B) Students will be more attentive
(C) Environment would be conducive to learning
(D) Students will appreciate it

74. You have a class which is very heterogeneous in height. You should allow a seating arrangement—
(A) Which is random
(B) Where smaller students are allowed to sit in such a way that they can see and participate easily in class activities
(C) Which is purely based on height
(D) That has taller students on one side of the class

75. Which one of the following may not be the best reason for cheating in the class-room examination ?
(A) Too lazy to study
(B) Parental pressure for good marks
(C) Fear of failure
(D) Self-prestige

76. In this age of academic excellence demand, inclusion of games and sports in schools is—
(A) A wastage of time
(B) Taking away a lot of time from academic work
(C) Giving time for leisure or relaxation
(D) Necessary for the co-ordinated development of the individual

77. Which one of the following pairs is odd (or not properly associated) ?
(A) Froebel — Playway
(B) Maria Montessori — Divergent thinking
(C) Keller — Co-operative learning
(D) Gandhiji — Soiled hands

78. While teaching the concept of a ‘circle’, which one of the following would be the best way to do it ?
(A) Present a picture of a circle
(B) Present pictures of circles of various sizes
(C) Present pictures of circles and ellipses
(D) Present pictures of circles and polygons

79. Teaching would be more effective if the teacher—
(A) Makes his intent purposeful
(B) Is master of the subject
(C) Uses various instructional aids
(D) Declares his objectives in the beginning

80. In a democratic country like India, schools should concentrate on—
(A) Development of traits to face hurdles of daily life
(B) Inculcation of values cherised by the community
(C) Preparation for academic excellence
(D) Development of traits of good citizenship
Answers :
56. (C) 57. (C) 58. (B) 59. (D) 60. (D) 61. (B) 62. (D) 63. (D) 64. (B) 65. (A)
66. (C) 67. (D) 68. (B) 69. (C) 70. (A) 71. (D) 72. (D) 73. (C) 74. (B) 75. (D)
76. (D) 77. (D) 78. (B) 79. (C) 80. (D)

RAJIV GANDHI KHEL RATNA AWARD, ARJUNA AWARDS, DHYAN CHAND AWARDS and DRONACHARYA AWARDS WINNERS LIST 2011

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RAJIV GANDHI KHEL RATNA AWARD, ARJUNA AWARDS, DHYAN CHAND AWARDS and DRONACHARYA AWARDS WINNERS LIST 2011

The Governmentof Indian announced the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award, Arjuna Awards, Dhyan Chand Awards and Dronacharya Awards for the year 2011
The list of awardees are given as follows:
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award 2011
Gagan Narang (Shooting)
Arjuna Awards 2011
01. Rahul Banerjee (Archery)
02. Preeja Sreedharan (Athletics)
03. Vikas Gowda (Athletics )
04. Jwala Gutta (Badminton)
05. M. Suranjoy Singh (Boxing)
06. Zaheer Khan (Cricket)
07. Sunil Chhetri (Football)
08. Ashish Kumar (Gymnastics )
09. Rajpal Singh ( Hockey (Men)
10. Rakesh Kumar- Kabaddi (Men)
11. Tejeswini Bai V- Kabaddi (Women )
12. Tejaswini Ravindra Sawant (Shooting)
13. Veerdhawal Vikram Khade (Swimming)
14. Somdev Kishore Devvarman (Tennis)
15. Sanjay Kumar (Volleyball )
16. Ravinder Singh (Wrestling)
17. Naib Subedar Katulu Ravikumar (Weightlifting)
18. Wangkhem Sandhyarani Devi (Wushu )
19. Prasantha Karamakar (Swimming-Paralympics)
Dronacharya Awards 2011
01. Inukurthi Venkateshwara Rao (Boxing)
02. Devender Kumar Rathore (Gymnastics )
03. Shri Ramphal (Wrestling)
04. Kuntal Roy (Athletics)
05. Rajinder Singh (Hockey)
Dhyan Chand Awards 2011
01. Shabbir Ali (Football)
02. Sushil Kohli (Swimming)
03. Rajkumar (Wrestling)

Model Test paper DSSSB TGT PGT EXAM

>SOLVED SAMPLE PAPER OF PART I QUESTIONS FOR PRT PGT TGT FOR KVS KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN EXAMINATION
Model Test paper DSSSB TGT PGT EXAM

Part – A
ENGLISH
1. Executive is a program _____ helps to manage to operation of computer system
(a) Which (b) That
(c) To (d) This
2. Real time in methods of operation where data observed by computer at the actual time of its occurrence.
(a) has (b) have
(c) had (d) is
3. There ______world wide networks linking universities and scientific establishments
(a) have been (b) has been
(c) are (d) is
ANTONYMS
4. Energetic
(a) Dull (b) Tired
(c) Weary (d) Lifeless
5. Tasty
(a) Sour (b) Bitta
(c) Insipid (d) invigorating
Answers: 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-c, 5-c
Part -B
General knowledge
1. How many satellites Jupiter has
(a) 47 (b) 27
(c) 13 (d) 63
2. Second layer of surface of earth from top is
(a) Trosphere (b) Ionosphere
(c) Stratosphere (d) Mesosphere
3. A new born baby has ___in number bones:
(a) 206 (b) 300
(c) 186 (d) 280
4. Who developed first calculating machine which later gave foundation of modern computer technology?
(a) Babbage Charles (b) Andrew Charles
(c) Billgates (d) Arybhatta
5. Rovers Cup is associated with which game
(a) Golf (b) Football
(c) Billiards (d) Table tennis
Answer: 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a, 5-b
Part –C
General Intelligence
1, Punjab: Punjab :: ————-Telgu
(a) Tamilnadu (b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Kerla (d) Karnataka
2. Choose the odd number
(a) 15-4 (b) 120-11
(c) 168-13 (d) 142-12
3. If “LIFE” is coded as MHHC then “GLASS” will be coded?
(a) HKCQV (b) HMDPS
(c) FMRST (d) FKCQL
4. If “HUNT” is written as PLZK and GRILL is written as SMXX then how “LIGHT” will be written
(a) XMPAK (b) XMAPK
(c) XMKPA (d) XKMPA
5. If Anju starts to travel facing west and walk 6 Km then she took right turn and walk 3 km. Then she took left turn and walk 1 km and again she takes left turn and walk 3 km. Now what is the distance and in which direction she is walking.
(a) 13 km, South (b) 7 km, South
(c) 7 km West (d) 13 km West
Answer: 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b, 5-c,
Part – D
NUMERICAL ABILITY
1. A mother is 6 times as old as to her daughter, but 6 years ago she was 8 times old to her daughter. What is the present age of daughter?
(a) 124 (b) 126
(c) 21 (d) 26
2, If 16% of number is 64, then the number is?
(a) 400 (b) 720
(c) 800 (d) 640
3. The average marks obtained by x, y & z are 84. The average marks of x and y is 78 and the average marks of y and z are 85. Find the marks of z.
(a) 74 (b) 96
(c) 82 (d) 78
4. If a boy scored 76% marks, but in result by mistake it was written 67%. The difference was of 468 marks. Find the original marks obtained by the boy.
(a) 5200 (b) 3484
(c) 4800 (d) 3952
5. Inner circumference of 15 cm wide tyre is 220 cm, Find the radius of full tyre.
(a) 35 (b) 45
(c) 50 (d) 55
Answers.1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d, 5-c,
Part – E
TEACHING APPTITUDE
1. You find that in your class, a group of students are not obeying you. What will be your reaction?
(a) Avoid the students (b) Punish them
(c) Complaint to parents/Principal (d) Speak and convince them
2. You have a brilliant student who is very good at studies but not taking part in curricular activities. What will you do?
(a) Appreciate him (b) Avoid him
(c) Inform parents/Principal (d) Convince him by counseling
3. In your class you came to know that the mother of one student is expired. What will be your behavior with that student in class?
(a) Behave in a way that you are not aware of anything
(b) Speak with that student about his mother
(c) Avoid him
(d) Try to make that student normal in class.
4. In the class you come to know that a student wants to work part time to give his school fees. What will be your action?
(a) Pay his school fees
(b) By collecting donation from others
(c) Avoid him
(d) Make him understand about the consequences and inform his parents.
5. On a school education trip, a student get hurted, what will be your action?
(a) After first aid send him back to school
(b) Inform the parents and Principal and take him to nearest hospital
(c) Shout for help from others
(d) Cancel the trip and come back to school.
Answers: 1-d, 2-d, 3-d, 4-d. 5-b

DSSSB Solved Question Paper of TGT and PGT

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ANDHRA PRADESH TRIBAL WELFARE RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS SOCIETY
 
RECRUITMENT TEST - 2006
 
PGT Question Papers TGT Question Papers
PGT KEY TGT KEY
 
TGT
 
» TELUGU
» ENGLISH
» MATHS
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» SOCIAL
 

Current General Knowledge: September 2011

>
ABBREVIATIONS
PAK-FA: Prospective Airborne Complex of Frontline Aviation.

AWARDS

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Awards
Eleven scientists have been selected for the prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, 2011. First given in 1958, the country's highest award in science is named after the founder director of CSIR, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar. It is given to a scientist up to 45 years of age and carries a prize of Rs 5 lakh.

The winners include Amit Prakash Sharma of International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi and Rajan Sankaranarayanan of Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad
for the biological sciences category. In the chemical sciences category, Balasubramanian Sundaram of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Banglore and Garikapati N have won the award.

The award
for earth, atmosphere, ocean and planetary sciences category went to Shankar Doraiswamy of National Institute of Oceanography, Goa. In the engineering sciences category, Sirshendu De of IIT, Kharagpur and Upadrasta Ramamurty of Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Banglore, were given the award. Mahan Maharaj of Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Howrah and Palash Sarkar of Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata were picked for the award in mathematical sciences category.

In the
medical sciences category, Kithiganahalli N Balaji of IISc, Banglore, was nominated while the award for physical sciences category went to Shiraz Minwalla of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai.

Jnanpith Award, 2009 & 2010

Eminent Hindi authors Srilal Shukla and Amar Kant have been chosen for Jnanpith award 2009. Renowned Kannada litterateur Chandrasekhar Kambar has won it for the year 2010.

For most readers in Hindi, Srilal Shukla's name is synonymous with
Raag Darbari, the novel that made reading Hindi books fashionable. The novel was translated into English by Gillian Wright, to introduce English readers to the hard-hitting satire of the Hindi hinterland.

A former IPS officer later inducted into IAS, Srilal Shukla (born 1925) authored about 25 books, important among which are
Makaan, Sooni Ghaati Ka Sooraj, Pehla Padaav, Ahyatvas and Bisrampur Ka Sant. He also wrote a detective novel titled Aadmi Ka Zahar, which was serialised in the weekly magazine Hindustan. He has already been conferred with the Sahitya Akademi Award, Vyas Samman and Padma Shree (2008).

Amar Kant, who shares his year of birth with Shukla, is the author of
Inhin Hashiyon Se, that earned him Sahitya Akademi Award (2007). At one time, fighting penury, Kant was willing to sell his Akademi Award. His short stories like Hatyare, Dopahar Ka Bhojan and Diptee Collector were part of syllabi in several Indian universities. Kant also authored Sukha Patta, Kale Ujale, Beech Ki Deewar and Desh Ke Log.

Kambar, who has won the Jnanpith for the year 2010, is a novelist and playwright. His noted works include
Takararinavaru, Saavirada Neralu, Chakori (poetry collection) and Harakeya Kuri (plays). He is also a recipient of Sangeet Natak Akademi and Sahitya Akademi awards.

DEFENCE

Stealth fighter PAK-FA
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited expects an indigenous fight-generation stealth fighter aircraft to be inducted into the Indian Air Force (IAF) in about six years. The aircraft, called PAK-FA, is being developed with Russia.

Russian aircraft manufacturer Sukhoi has unveiled PAK-FA, also dubbed as the T-50, which will be the base variant for developing a version that specifically caters to Indian requirements.


PAK-FA is a Russian acronym for Prospective Airborne Complex of Frontline Aviation and its designers have claimed that it is comparable to the F-22 Raptor, US Air Force's latest fighter.


A joint venture company on the lines of cruise missile manufacturer
BrahMos will be set up for the purpose. HAL's contribution will include fuselage composites, flight software, including the mission computer, navigation systems, avionics and cockpit displays and counter-measure dispensing systems.

Unlike the Russian version, the Indian aircraft will be a two-seater aircraft, which will involve limited re-designing of the fuselage, wings and control surfaces that will be undertaken by HAL. The project had kicked off in 2007.


Amphibious vessels to strengthen Indian navy

The Union government has cleared the Rs 2,176-crore acquisition of eight specialised vessels or LCUs (landing craft utility), capable of "hard beaching" on enemy shores, to boost the countryís amphibious warfare and island protection capabilities. The LCUs will help in swiftly transporting thousands of troops, heavy weapon systems and infantry combat vehicles over long distances to take the battle right to the enemy mainland.

The vessels will be built by the Kolkata-based Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd.


The LCUs are likely to be based at India's first and only regional "theatre command", the strategically-located Andaman and Nicobar Command (ANC). With additional airstrips, OTR (operational turn around) bases and jetties, ANC is slowly being transformed into a major amphibious warfare hub. A strong military presence in the 572-island archipelago is considered imperative to counter China's strategic moves in the Indian Ocean, as well as ensure security of the sea lanes converging towards Malacca Strait.


N-ENERGY

BARC develops spent fuel automation system
The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre has designed and developed the first of its kind advanced automation system for transferring spent fuel bundles of pressurised heavy water reactors for nuclear reprocessing plants. Introduction of this automation system for reprocessing plant is aimed at transferring the fuel bundles directly from fuel handling area (FHA) of storage pool to the dissolver cell in an automated way, without the necessity of using charging cask. This contributes in eliminating dependency on skilled manpower and thus reduction of man-rem (radiation dose) consumption by workers.

The system design is such that it can easily be adopted to handle fuel from 220 MW PHWR as well as from 550 MW/700 MW with minimum changes. Provision has also been kept for manual changing of spent fuel in case of non-availability of automation system.


The spent fuel bundles from nuclear power reactors are stored under water at reactor site. After allowing it to cool down for a given period, the bundles from the reactor site are transferred to underwater storage facility at the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant site.


PERSONS

Pataudi, Mansur Ali Khan
Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi, India's youngest-ever Test captain, also known in the cricketing fraternity as "Tiger" Pataudi, died on September 22, 2011.

Born on January 5, 1941 in Bhopal, the right-handed batsman made his debut for India at the age of 21 in a drawn match against England here in 1961. In a career spanning almost two decades, he played a total of 46 Test matches.


In 1964, Pataudi was bestowed the Arjuna Award before being honoured with a Padma Shri in 1967. A star not just on field but off it too, Pataudi married the then reigning queen of Indian cinema Sharmila Tagore in 1969 and the glamorous couple had three children - Saif Ali Khan, Soha Ali Khan and Saba Ali Khan.


PROJECTS

NTPC to set up first overseas power plant in Sri Lanka
State-run power producer NTPC will set up a 500-Mw coal-based power plant in Sri Lanka by 2016, which will mark its foray into the overseas market. The unit will come up at Sampur in Trincomalee at an estimated cost of Rs 3,150 crore.

A joint venture agreement to this effect was signed between NTPC and the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB). The Sri Lankan government will give land for the project on a long-term lease. Coal for the project will be imported and supplied by Lanka Coal Company (LCC) and the power generated will be supplied to the CEB.


RESEARCH

Scientists find way to "disarm" AIDS virus
Scientists have found a way to prevent HIV from damaging the immune system and say their discovery may offer a new approach to developing a vaccine against AIDS.

Researchers from the United States and Europe, working in laboratories on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), found it is unable to damage the immune system if cholesterol is removed from the membrane of the virus.


HIV takes its membrane from the cell that it infects, the researchers explained in their study. This membrane contains cholesterol, which helps keep it fluid and enables it to interact with particular types of cell.


Normally, a subset of immune cells, called
plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), recognise HIV quickly and react by producing signalling molecules called interferons. These signals activate various processes which are initially helpful, but which damage the immune system if switched on for too long.

Scientists have now found that if cholesterol is removed from HIV's envelope, it can no longer activate pDCs. As a result, T cells, which orchestrate the adaptive response, can fight the virus more effectively.


The team now plans to investigate how to use this way of inactivating the virus and possibly develop it into a vaccine.


Usually when a person becomes infected with HIV, the body's innate immune response puts up an immediate defence. But some researchers believe HIV causes the innate immune system to overreact. This weakens the immune system's next line of defence, known as the adaptive immune response.


AIDS kills around 1.8 million people a year worldwide. An estimated 2.6 million people caught HIV in 2009, and 33.3 million people are living with the virus.


Neutrinos make light of Einstein's theory of relativity

Albert Einstein's 1905 theory of relativity is one of the most fundamental pillars of physics -- but now scientists say his conclusion that nothing can travel faster than light could be proved wrong.

Scientists at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, or CERN, the world's largest physics laboratory say they have recorded sub-atomic particles, known as neutrinos, travelling faster than the speed of light.


CERN says as part of its "OPERA" experiment, a neutrino beam fired from a particle accelerator near Geneva to a lab 730 km away in Italy travelled 60 nanoseconds faster than the speed of light. It revealed that neutrinos travel at a velocity of 20 parts per million above the speed of light.


Scientists calculated the margin of error at just 10 nanoseconds, making the difference statistically significant.


If the findings are correct, it would force a major rethink of the fundamental laws of nature, including how the universe works.


Einstein's theory states that energy is equal to mass multiplied by the speed of light squared, so firing an object faster than that would require an infinite amount of energy.


World's Smallest Electric Motor

Chemists at Tufts University's School of Arts and Sciences have developed the world's first single molecule electric motor, a development that may create a new class of devices applicable to sectors like medicine to engineering.

In a report published in Nature Nanotechnology, the Tufts team reported an electric motor only one nanometer across -- groundbreaking work, considering the current world record is a 200-nanometer motor. A single strand of human hair is about 60,000 nanometers wide.


E Charles H Sykes, associate professor of chemistry at Tufts and senior author of the paper, says, "There has been significant progress in the construction of molecular motors powered by light, and by chemical reactions. But this is the first time electrically-driven molecular motors have been demonstrated, despite a few theoretical proposals -- we have been able to show one can provide electricity to a single molecule and get it to do something that is not just random."


Sykes and his colleagues were able to control a molecular motor with electricity by using a state-of-the-art, low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (LT-STM), one of about only 100 in the United States. The LT-STM uses electrons instead of light to 'see' molecules. The team used the metal tip on the microscope to provide an electrical charge to a butyl methyl sulfide molecule placed on a conductive copper surface. This sulfur-containing molecule had carbon and hydrogen atoms radiating to form what looked like two arms, with four carbons on one side and one on the other. These carbon chains were free to rotate around the sulfur-copper bond.


While there are foreseeable practical applications of this electric motor, breakthroughs would need to be made in the temperatures at which electric molecular motors operate. The motor spins much faster at higher temperatures, making it difficult to measure and control the rotation of the motor.


SPACE RESEARCH

Looking inside the moon
More than 100 spacecraft have been to the moon, including six with U.S. astronauts, but one key piece of information about Earth's natural satellite is still missing --nwhat's inside.

Learning about the interior of the moon is the primary goal of a new NASA mission called
Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory, or GRAIL, which was launched on September 8, 2011.

Overall, the moon has about one-sixth the gravity of Earth, but it is not evenly distributed. On the moon, a mountain actually might be a molehill, gravitationally speaking.


Likewise, gravity maps of lunar flat lands show unexplained pockets of extra heft, an indication of subterranean deposits or structures. Learning the interior structure of the moon is considered critical to piecing together the story about what happened to the moon since its formation some 4.5 billion years ago.


Scientists believe the moon's building blocks were large chunks of debris jettisoned from Earth after a collision with an object as big as Mars. In addition to un-ravelling the moon's history, GRAIL scientists expect to extrapolate their findings to other rocky bodies, both in our solar system and eventually to those beyond.


The two spacecraft will take a long, slow journey to the moon, arriving on December 31 and January 1. After a few months to manoeuvre into the proper orbit, the pair will spend 82 days flying over the lunar poles, linked by radio waves.


When one spacecraft flies over a region of higher gravity, it will speed up, momentarily changing the distance between itself and its sibling probe. Less dense regions likewise will affect the satellites' positions. Using the radio waves as a ruler, changes as tiny as a micron -- the width of a red blood cell -- can be detected.


With gravity maps in hand, scientists can then use computer models and data from other lunar missions to determine whether the moon's core is solid, liquid or a combination of the two, and what elements it contains.


MISCELLANEOUS

Asterix creator retires after 52 years
Albert Uderzo, co-creator of one of France's greatest comic book heroes, Asterix the Gaul, has decided to  hang up his pen at the age of 84. The Italian-born artist, who dreamt up the indomitable warrior with his scriptwriter friend Rene Goscinny in 1959, said he was "a bit tired" after 52 years of drawing and that it was time to hand over his creation to younger talent.

The announcement came on the day publishing house Hachette celebrated the sale of 350 million Asterix books around the world, making the diminutive hero one of France's biggest-selling exports.


Asterix and his jovial sidekick Obelix first appeared in print in October 1959, and their adventures fighting the Roman invaders have since been translated into over 100 languages.

General knowledge of india

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AWARDS
Republic Day Awards, 2011
Thirteen people were awarded the Padma Vibhushan for ‘exceptional and distinguished services’ while thirty one were conferred the Padma Bhushan for ‘distinguished service of a high order’ and 84 were shortlisted for the Padma Shri, given for distinguished service in various fields.

Padma Vibhushan:
Kapila Vatsyayan (Art), Homai Vyarawalla (Art), A. Nageshwara Rao (Art), Parasaran Kesava Iyengar (Public Affairs), Akhlaq-ur-Rehman Kidwai (Public Affairs), Vijay Kelkar (Public Affairs), Montek Singh Ahluwalia (Public Affairs), Palle Rama Rao (Science and Engineering), Azim Premji (Trade and Industry), Brajesh Mishra (Civil Services), Ottaplakkal N.V. Kurup (Literature and Education), Sitakant Mahapatra (Literature and Education), and Late L.C. Jain (Public Affairs).

Padma Bhushan:
Satyadev Dubey (Art), M. Zahur Khayyam alias Khayyam (Music), Shashi Kapoor (Cinema), Krishen Khanna (Painting), Madavur Vasudevan Nair (Dance), Waheeda Rehman (Cinema), SP Balasubrahmanyam (Playback singing), C.V. Chandrasekhar (Classical dance), Yogesh Chander Deveshwar (Trade and Industry), Chanda Kochhar (Trade and Industry), K. Anji Reddy (Trade and Industry), Analjit Singh (Trade and Industry), Shyam Saran (Civil Services), Thayil Jacob Sony George (Literature), Ramdas Madhava Pai (Literature), Sankha Ghosh (Literature) were among the awardees.

Padma Shri:
Neelam Mansingh Chowdhry (Art), Makar Dhwaja Darogha (Art), Tabassum H. Khan alias Tabu (Cinema), Pandit Ajoy Chakraborty (Music), S.R. Janakiraman (Carnatic vocal music), Dadi Dorab Pudumjee (Art), Prahlad Singh Tipaniya (Folk music), Usha Uthup (Music), Kajol (Cinema), Irfan Khan (Cinema), Kunjarani Devi (Sports), Sushil Kumar (Sports), V.V.S. Laxman (Sports), Gagan Narang (Sports), Krishna Poonia (Sports), Harbhajan Singh (Sports-Mountaineering), Mahim Bora (Literature), Pullella Srirama Chandrudu (Literature), Pravin Darji (Literature), Chandra Prakash Deval (Literature), Balraj Komal (Literature), Rajni Kumar (Literature), Devanooru Mahadeva (Literature), Barun Mazumder (Literature), Avvai Natarajan (Literature), Bhalchandra Nemade (Literature), Riyaz Punjabi (Literature), Koneru Ramakrishna Rao (Literature), Buangi Sailo (Literature), Om Prakash Agrawal (Heritage Conservation) were among the awardees.

Gallantry Awards, 2011

Ashok Chakra: Major Laishram Jyotin Singh, an unarmed army doctor serving in Kabul, who took on a suicide bomber and killed him, has posthumously been awarded the highest peacetime gallantry award, Ashoka Chakra. On February 16, 2010, suicide attackers stormed an Indian residential complex in the heart of the Afghan capital, housing mostly army officials. One of the terrorists blew himself up at the gates of the complex, killing three guards, as others made their way inside.

Kirti Chakra:
Captain Davinder Singh Juss of the Parachute Regiment and Vinod Kumar Choubey who was Superintendent of Police, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, have been awarded the second highest peacetime gallantry award, Kirti Chakra.

Juss killed a foreign terrorist in February 2010 during an encounter in J&K and saved two colleagues. Choubey fought against more than 300 Naxalites who had attacked an outpost in Rajnandangaon district in July 2009. He saved scores of policemen.


Jawaharlal Nehru Award

Tata group chairman Ratan Tata has been honoured with the award for “his contributions to Indian society and development of the Nano car.” The award comprises of a gold medal and a citation.

Golden Globe Awards, 2011

Cecil B. DeMille Award: Robert DeNiro
Best Motion Picture – Drama: The Social Network.
Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama: Natalie Portman - Black Swan.
Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama: Colin Firth - The King's Speech.
Best Motion Picture - Comedy Or Musical: The Kids Are All Right.
Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture - Comedy Or Musical: Annette Bening - The Kids Are All Right.
Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Comedy Or Musical: Paul Giamatti - Barney's Version.
Best Performance by an Actress In A Supporting Role in a Motion Picture: Melissa Leo - The Fighter.
Best Performance by an Actor In A Supporting Role in a Motion Picture: Christian Bale - The Fighter.
Best Animated Feature Film: Toy Story 3.
Best Foreign Language Film: In a Better World.
Best Director - Motion Picture: David Fincher - The Social Network.
Best Screenplay - Motion Picture: Aaron Sorkin - The Social Network.
Best Original Score - Motion Picture: Trent Reznor, Atticus Ross - The Social Network.
Best Original Song - Motion Picture: "You Haven't Seen the Last of Me" – Burlesque.

DEFENCE

Warship design hub inaugurated in Kochi
For years India’s warship building community has urged the Ministry of Defence (MoD) to create the infrastructure needed for making India a major global hub for building warships. On January 4, 2011, as a first step towards this, Defence Minister A.K. Antony layed the foundation stone of the National Institute for Research and Development in Defence Shipbuilding (NIRDESH) at Chaliyam, in Kozhikode district of Kerala.

With the Indian Navy expanding rapidly, the workload on the Directorate of Naval Design (DND) has overwhelmed its tiny establishment. With the DND already busy with five major programmes for building surface warships—for the Indigenous Aircraft Carrier; Project 15A and 15B destroyers; Project 17A frigates; and Project 28 anti-submarine corvettes—design capacity has become a serious roadblock to further projects.


The shortage of design and construction capacity in defence shipyards had forced the Indian Navy to order warships abroad at inflated prices. Currently, three frigates are being built in Russia, while an Italian shipyard is delivering three logistic support vessels to India.


This has occurred despite the demonstrated ability of Indian defence shipyards to build quality warships competently and cheaply. Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL), Mumbai, is completing the INS Kolkata, a 6,800-tonne guided missile destroyer, for a cost of Rs 3,800 crore ($850 million). In contrast, Spanish shipyard, Navantia, is selling comparable destroyers to the Australian Navy—the 6250-tonne Hobart class, which Navantia calls the F-100 frigate—for Rs 11,850 crore ($2.65 billion) each, more than thrice the cost of INS Kolkata.


NIRDESH, an autonomous body under the Registration of Societies Act, 1860, will function under the MoD’s Department of Defence Production. Set up with a corpus of about Rs 40 crore, NIRDESH was funded by the MoD and the four defence shipyards. Once operative, it is expected to be self-sustaining, charging both public and private sector shipyards for design and consultancy work that it provides to them.


NIRDESH would function as a “national design center”, bringing together designers from within the country and abroad, in order to take on the challenging tasks of integrating weapons systems from various global suppliers, and propulsion systems. It will also work in the futuristic area of developing advanced hull forms. It is understood that NIRDESH will have the financial autonomy to pay top dollar to its personnel, retaining them and providing continuity in design and support. In contrast, the naval designers in the DND can be paid only at mandated government rates. Therefore, they tend to move on to more lucrative jobs.


Currently, only three establishments—IIT Kharagpur, IIT Madras and the Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT)—run courses in naval architecture, graduating about 60 architects each year. The actual requirement is estimated at about 200 architects per year.


INS Deepak joins Indian Navy’s western fleet

On January 22, 2011, the Indian Navy got new fleet tanker INS Deepak. The ship has a capacity to carry 15,500 tonnes of liquid cargo that can be used to re-fuel warships while they are at sea—cutting down on the lengthy process for war ships to dock at a port to replenish.

A normal ‘destroyer’ class warship with the Navy can sail for two-weeks after a mid-sea re-fuel.
INS Deepak can refuel 10-12 such warships and four of them can be done simultaneously.

The 175-meter long and 25-meter wide tanker was built entirely at Fincantieri shipyard in Italy, with Bharat Electronics Limited and the Ordnance Factory Board providing some key electronics and weapon systems.


Besides fuel and water, the ship is also capable of carrying 500 tonnes of solid cargo that could be a combination of ammunition, including missiles and rockets, and dry provisions for the fleet. The tanker can also load 16 cargo containers on its upper deck, making it one of the largest in the fleet.


This is the first of the two such “
Deepak class” of tankers to be inducted. The Navy now has three fleet tankers—Russian-built INS Jyoti and indigenous INS Aditya being the other two.

Current Affairs for Competitive Exams, November 1st 2011

>Who has been sworn in as Arunachal Pradesh Chief Minister?
Nabam Tuki

Who has been reappointed as the Secretary General of 54-nation Commonwealth of Nations for 2nd consecutive term?
Kamalesh Sharma

What is the total sms limit per day raised by TRAI as on 1st November 2011?
200 smses per day

Name the MAN industries chairman who passed away recently.
JM Mansukhani

Who won the 38th women's National Premier chess championship?
Tania Sachdev

Which rank does world champion Vishwanathan Anand holds in the world chess rankings?
2nd place

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